The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of socially responsible human resource management practices on organizational unethical behaviors in the hotel industry of Bamyan Province, Afghanistan. In terms of method, this research is descriptive-survey, and in terms of purpose, it is applied research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 203 employees and managers active in the hotel industry and guesthouses of Bamyan Province. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by professors, as well as its construct validity and reliability were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. A total of 133 individuals answered the questionnaire using a non-random convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and using SPSS 26 and SMART PLS 4 software. The findings showed that socially responsible human resource practices have a significant impact on counterproductive work behavior and employee participation in corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, employee participation in corporate social responsibility has a significant impact on counterproductive work behavior. Additionally, employee participation in social responsibility significantly mediates the relationship between socially responsible human resource practices and counterproductive work behavior. Finally, responsible leadership significantly moderates the relationship between socially responsible human resource practices and employee participation in corporate social responsibility. The results of this study indicate that integrating social responsibility into human resource management and ethical leadership strengthens organizational culture and reduces undesirable behaviors.