Digital transformation and the expansion of online tourism platforms have fundamentally changed value formation processes in the tourism industry from traditional linear models to network-based service ecosystems. Based on Service-Dominant Logic, value emerges through interactions and resource integration among ecosystem actors. However, digital interactions do not always generate positive outcomes and may lead to value co-destruction or value no-creation. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the mechanisms of value co-creation, value co-destruction, and value no-creation in online tourism ecosystems.

This research is developmental in purpose and qualitative-exploratory in methodology. The study employed meta-synthesis and MICMAC structural analysis. In the meta-synthesis phase, studies related to value co-creation, value co-destruction, value no-creation, and digital tourism ecosystems were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Subsequently, the extracted variables and dimensions were evaluated using MICMAC structural modeling.

The findings revealed that customer engagement is the primary driving variable, while digital resource integration acts as the central variable of the model. In addition, platform interaction quality plays a regulatory role in shaping value outcomes. The results indicate that interaction quality and digital resource integration determine whether the ecosystem moves toward value co-creation, value co-destruction, or value no-creation.